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Discovery and the Earth.. 
المشاهدات ( 47 ) التعليقات ( 0 )
Discovery and the Earth..
NASA TV ©
Edition: Ivan Luأs
Musics:
1st Bach - Air on G String
2nd Vinnie Moore - April Sky
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Colonizing The Moon
المشاهدات ( 66 ) التعليقات ( 0 )
The Vision for Space Exploration is the United States space policy announced on January 14, 2004 by U.S. President George W. Bush. It is seen as a response to the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, the state of human spaceflight at NASA, and a way to regain public enthusiasm for space exploration.
The Vision calls for the space program to:
Complete the International Space Station by 2010
Retire the Space Shuttle by 2010
Develop the Orion spacecraft (formerly known as the Crew Exploration Vehicle) by 2008, and conduct its first human spaceflight mission by 2014
Develop Shuttle Derived Launch Vehicles
Explore the Moon with robotic spacecraft missions by 2008 and crewed missions by 2020
Explore Mars and other destinations with robotic and crewed missions
When the Vision was announced in January 2004, the U.S. Congress and the scientific community gave it a mix of positive and negative reviews. For example, Rep. Dave Weldon (R-Fla.) said, "I think this is the best thing that has happened to the space program in decades," while physicist and outspoken manned spaceflight opponent Robert L. Park said that robotic spacecraft "are doing so well it's going to be hard to justify sending a human."
Others, such as the Mars Society have argued that it makes more sense to avoid going back to the Moon and instead focus on going to Mars first.
In a position paper issued by the National Space Society (NSS), a return to the Moon should be considered a high space program priority, in order to begin development of the knowledge and identification of the industries unique to the Moon. The NSS believes that the Moon may be a repository of the history and possible future of our planet, and that the six Apollo landings only scratched the surface of that treasure.
According to NSS, the Moon's far side, permanently shielded from the noisy Earth, is an ideal site for future radio astronomy. Unique products may be producible in the nearly limitless extreme vacuum of the lunar surface, and the Moon's remoteness is the ultimate isolation for biologically hazardous experiments.
Lunar resources include most if not all raw materials available on Earth. The Moon can serve as a proving ground for a wide range of space operations and processes, including developments toward In-Situ Resource Utilization or "living off the land" (i.e., self-sufficiency) for permanent human outposts. This has various benefits.
Initial return missions as recently proposed by the U.S. President and NASA can be done through space operations using the existing launch infrastructure and assets developed by the shuttle and International Space Station programs, plus existing expendable launch vehicles, with a minimum of new research and development programs. The lessons learned from international cooperation during ISS construction and operations can be improved upon and extended to human missions to the Moon, Mars and elsewhere.
Initial missions could place scientific equipment on the Moon and return samples from areas never explored, such as the polar regions. Extent of water and other volatiles important to lunar industrialization could be determined. As future reusable launch systems begin operations, reducing cost and enabling higher flight rates, Earth-Moon traffic can become routine. With humans on the Moon again, NASA's space activities would take on new vigor and public interest.
Throughout much of 2004, it was unclear whether the U.S. Congress would be willing to approve and fund the Vision for Space Exploration. However, in November 2004, Congress passed an omnibus spending bill which gave NASA the $16.2 billion that President Bush had sought to kick-start the Vision. According to then-NASA chief Sean O'Keefe, that spending bill "was as strong an endorsement [of the space exploration vision] as any of us could have imagined." In 2005, Congress passed S.1281, the NASA Authorization act of 2005, which explicitly endorses the Vision.
The current NASA Administrator, Michael Griffin, who took office in April 2005, is a big supporter of the Vision, but has also modified it somewhat, saying that he wants to reduce the four year gap between the retirement of the Space Shuttle and the first manned mission of the Crew Exploration Vehicle.
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Planets and Stars to Scale
المشاهدات ( 45 ) التعليقات ( 0 )
http://www.FreeScienceLectures.com
The video shows how each planet scales in size relative to each other.
The exploration begins at the smallest planet Mercury which has diameter of just 4880 km, then comes Mars (6794 km), Venus, Earth (12756 km), Neptune, Saturn, Jupiter (142984 km), Sun, Sirius, Pollux, Arcturus (4177500 km), Rigel, Beteigeuze, Antares (1108430000 km), My Cephei, VV Cephei (288194 times bigger than Earth).
Pretty impressive!
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It's Never too Late to Study:
http://www.FreeScienceLectures.com
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Notice: This video is copyright by its respectful owners.
The website address on the video does not mean anything.
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Black Hole Montage - NASA Galaxy Big Bang - PHJ
المشاهدات ( 51 ) التعليقات ( 0 )
Simulations I compiled from NASA. Including the Big Crunch vs the Big Expansion. Also, my SOHO Montage: http://www.youtube.com/v/QdwGb-iJOeI & Star Scale http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bov9M2gEgcE
Produced by PHJ
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2-5 If We Had No Moon _ Space Documentary
المشاهدات ( 47 ) التعليقات ( 0 )
If We Had No Moon
An essay by Bernard Foing
If the time of Earths existence was condensed into a 24-hour clock, the moon formation event occurred just 10 minutes after the Earth was born. The Earth formed 4.56 billion years ago, and the Moon formed about 30 million years later. At that time, the Earth was a magma ocean. An impactor about the size of Mars struck the Earth at an oblique angle, and removed some of the magmatic mantle. This mantle was put in orbit around the Earth, together with some of the debris from the impactor itself, and this material eventually formed the Moon.
Artists representation of the moon formation event. Copyright Fahad Sulehria, 2005, www.novacelestia.com
When the Moon first formed, it was very close to the Earth. It was possibly only 20 to 30 thousands of kilometers away, and it would have looked extremely large in the sky, at least 20 to 10 times bigger. But there were no living creatures on the Earth at that time to witness this beautiful scene.
The tidal effect of a body increases as a cube of the distance, so the effect of the Moons tidal forcing on the Earth was extremely high at this time, to the point that the early magma ocean was affected. This provided some additional energy to the heating from radioactive elements present, but after the radiogenic heating decayed, the Moon still was a source of heating that may have had some geological effect, keeping the Earths magma hot and perhaps forcing additional convection in the Earths mantle.
After the Earth started to cool, the first crust started to float on top of the magma. During this period the Earth was subjected to increased meteor bombardment. The bombardment had been very intense at the beginning of the solar system and then had started to decline, but about 500 million years after the birth of the Earth, or about 2 hours and 40 minutes into our clock of 24 hours, there was a burst of impactors. This lasted for about hundred million years, and we call this the late heavy bombardment. Many of the large basins on the Moon are evidence of this late heavy bombardment period. In this way, the Moon is a history book for the inner solar system and the Earth. We have studied these basins with the SMART-1 mission.
The Moons heavily cratered surface is evidence of the many meteorite impacts that occurred in the inner solar system during the late heavy bombardment period.
Credit: ESA
The Earth was hit more often than the Moon, however, because Earth is larger and has more gravity. This increased gravity also caused the impactors to be accelerated to higher velocities towards the Earth. That must have been a catastrophic time to be here. So many bombardments would have sterilized the planet. If life had appeared before this period, it would have been extinguished unless it found a way to retreat into niches where it could be protected from these global catastrophes.
When some of these impactors hit the Earth, the explosion caused rocks and dirt from Earth to shoot up and away from our planet. Some of that projected material flew all over the solar system, and some of it landed on the Moon. There could be a few hundred kilograms of Earth material per square kilometer of the Moons surface, buried under a few meters of lunar soil. It would be interesting to retrieve those rocks and bring back samples of the early Earth. Almost nothing from this time period has survived on the Earth because of tectonic recycling of the crust plates or because of atmospheric weathering. We would try to detect some organics within those rocks, and that could tell us about the history of organic chemistry on Earth. Some of these rocks could even have preserved fossils of life. Such rocks could help us look further back into the fossil record, which now stops at 3.5 billion years ago. This way, we could possibly learn about the emergence of life on Earth.
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3-5 If We Had No Moon _ Space Documentary
المشاهدات ( 48 ) التعليقات ( 0 )
If We Had No Moon
An essay by Bernard Foing
If the time of Earths existence was condensed into a 24-hour clock, the moon formation event occurred just 10 minutes after the Earth was born. The Earth formed 4.56 billion years ago, and the Moon formed about 30 million years later. At that time, the Earth was a magma ocean. An impactor about the size of Mars struck the Earth at an oblique angle, and removed some of the magmatic mantle. This mantle was put in orbit around the Earth, together with some of the debris from the impactor itself, and this material eventually formed the Moon.
Artists representation of the moon formation event. Copyright Fahad Sulehria, 2005, www.novacelestia.com
When the Moon first formed, it was very close to the Earth. It was possibly only 20 to 30 thousands of kilometers away, and it would have looked extremely large in the sky, at least 20 to 10 times bigger. But there were no living creatures on the Earth at that time to witness this beautiful scene.
The tidal effect of a body increases as a cube of the distance, so the effect of the Moons tidal forcing on the Earth was extremely high at this time, to the point that the early magma ocean was affected. This provided some additional energy to the heating from radioactive elements present, but after the radiogenic heating decayed, the Moon still was a source of heating that may have had some geological effect, keeping the Earths magma hot and perhaps forcing additional convection in the Earths mantle.
After the Earth started to cool, the first crust started to float on top of the magma. During this period the Earth was subjected to increased meteor bombardment. The bombardment had been very intense at the beginning of the solar system and then had started to decline, but about 500 million years after the birth of the Earth, or about 2 hours and 40 minutes into our clock of 24 hours, there was a burst of impactors. This lasted for about hundred million years, and we call this the late heavy bombardment. Many of the large basins on the Moon are evidence of this late heavy bombardment period. In this way, the Moon is a history book for the inner solar system and the Earth. We have studied these basins with the SMART-1 mission.
The Moons heavily cratered surface is evidence of the many meteorite impacts that occurred in the inner solar system during the late heavy bombardment period.
Credit: ESA
The Earth was hit more often than the Moon, however, because Earth is larger and has more gravity. This increased gravity also caused the impactors to be accelerated to higher velocities towards the Earth. That must have been a catastrophic time to be here. So many bombardments would have sterilized the planet. If life had appeared before this period, it would have been extinguished unless it found a way to retreat into niches where it could be protected from these global catastrophes.
When some of these impactors hit the Earth, the explosion caused rocks and dirt from Earth to shoot up and away from our planet. Some of that projected material flew all over the solar system, and some of it landed on the Moon. There could be a few hundred kilograms of Earth material per square kilometer of the Moons surface, buried under a few meters of lunar soil. It would be interesting to retrieve those rocks and bring back samples of the early Earth. Almost nothing from this time period has survived on the Earth because of tectonic recycling of the crust plates or because of atmospheric weathering. We would try to detect some organics within those rocks, and that could tell us about the history of organic chemistry on Earth. Some of these rocks could even have preserved fossils of life. Such rocks could help us look further back into the fossil record, which now stops at 3.5 billion years ago. This way, we could possibly learn about the emergence of life on Earth.
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The Second Documentary From Space (part 3/5)
المشاهدات ( 82 ) التعليقات ( 0 )
The Second Documentary From Space (part 3/5). English subtitles.
The Second Documentary From Space is a 45 minute spacewalk with the instrumental music of cultband Galacticka. Documentary is a fast moving description of Galacticka's 2006 German tour and recording of their Apocalypse Psychedelicka album. The studio scenes give the audience an insight look of the bands unique way of creating music. Opposite to the recording we get in the abyss of the cosmos as the band get's on a far out journey through Germany. The Second Documentary From Space's soundtrack is a compilation of Galacticka's music through the years, and goes way back to their first album "Void", but the main focus stays in the newest release Apocalypse Psychedelicka (2007).
Download
http://www.kosminenpommi.fi/videos/second.html
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Moon Landing - The Race to Space 1 of 2 - BBC Documentary
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Marking the 40th Anniversary of the first landing on the Moon, this BBC Documentary looks at the historical events that led to the race to space and the missions to the moon. Part 1 of 2, Looks at the historic background that spurred the space-race & the Soviet Unions lead with the Sputnik space Programme, Before John Glenn's first orbit around Earth encouraged further development on both sides to reach the Moon first., leading to Saturn5's first manned orbit around the Moon. Recorded from BBC on 25.07.09
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